Socrates Portrait

Socrates Portrait

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Socrates

Philosopher (c. 470 BCE–c. 399 BCE)

Greek philosopher Socrates is considered the father of western philosophy. Plato was his most famous student and would teach Aristotle who would then tutor Alexander the Great. His “Socratic method,” laid the groundwork for Western systems of logic and philosophy.

Born circa 470 BC in Athens, Greece, Socrates’s life is chronicled through only a few sources—the dialogues of Plato and Xenophon and the plays of Aristophanes.

Socrates was the son of Sophroniscus, an Athenian stonemason and sculptor, and Phaenarete, a midwife. Because he wasn’t from a noble family, he most likely received a basic Greek education and learned his father’s craft at a young age. It is believed Socrates worked as mason for many years before he devoted his life to philosophy. He married Xanthippe, and they had three sons—Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus.

Socrates’ mastery lies in the art of conversation, the proof of which can be found in the writings of his students Plato, Xenophan, Phaedo, Euclides, Antisthenes and Aeschines. Even though these works serve as an insight into Socrates’ philosophy, they cannot be credited word-for-word to Socrates, as they only contain the general idea of his teachings, and are not historical records of his philosophy.